Physics

1. Force, Turning Effect and Equilibrium

Moment of a force, couple, principle of moments, centre of gravity and conditions for equilibrium.

2. Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a force, kinetic and potential energy, power, and the principle of conservation of energy.

3. Machines

Levers, pulleys, mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency.

4. Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces

Laws of refraction, refractive index, total internal reflection and critical angle.

5. Refraction through a Lens

Converging and diverging lenses, image formation, the lens formula and magnification.

6. Spectrum

Dispersion through a prism, the visible spectrum, and infrared and ultraviolet radiation.

7. Sound

Reflection of sound and echo, natural, damped and forced vibrations, resonance, and the characteristics of sound.

8. Current Electricity

Ohm's law, resistance and resistivity, series and parallel combinations, and electrical energy and power.

9. Household Circuits

House wiring, live, neutral and earth wires, fuses, MCBs and safe use of electricity.

10. Electromagnetism

Magnetic effect of an electric current, electromagnets, the motor rule and electromagnetic induction.

11. Calorimetry

Specific heat capacity, heat capacity, latent heat of fusion and vaporisation, and simple calorimetry problems.

12. Radioactivity

Nuclear structure, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, radioactive decay, and nuclear fission and fusion.