Chemistry

1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

The mole concept, molar mass, empirical and molecular formulae, and stoichiometric calculations.

2. Structure of Atom

Bohr's model, the dual nature of matter, quantum numbers, orbitals and the rules that govern electronic configuration.

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

The modern periodic law, s, p, d and f blocks, and periodic trends in atomic radius, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy and electronegativity.

4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Ionic and covalent bonding, VSEPR theory, valence bond theory, hybridisation, molecular orbital theory and hydrogen bonding.

5. States of Matter: Gases and Liquids

The gas laws, the ideal gas equation, kinetic molecular theory, deviations from ideal behaviour and the liquefaction of gases.

6. Chemical Thermodynamics

Systems and surroundings, internal energy, enthalpy, Hess's law, entropy and Gibbs energy.

7. Equilibrium

Physical and chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, pH, buffers and solubility product.

8. Redox Reactions

Oxidation number, balancing redox equations, and the concept of oxidising and reducing agents.

9. Hydrogen

Position of hydrogen in the periodic table, isotopes, preparation and properties, hydrides, water and hydrogen peroxide.

10. s-Block Elements

Alkali and alkaline earth metals: trends in properties, anomalous behaviour of lithium and beryllium, and important compounds.

11. Some p-Block Elements

Group 13 and group 14 elements: trends, the anomalous behaviour of boron and carbon, and important compounds.

12. Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques

IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, electron displacement effects, types of organic reactions, and methods of purification.

13. Hydrocarbons

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons: preparation, properties and mechanisms.