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ICSE Class X Board Examination

ICSE Geography (H.C.G. Paper 2) — Board Examination 2025

Board2025Subject code 502
Open source paper at oswaal360.com (opens in a new tab)
Board
ICSE Class X Board Examination
Class
Class 10
Subject
Geography
Year
2025
Total marks
Not verified
Duration
Not verified

Verification and rights

Follows the published ICSE syllabus structure and links back to the source, but has not been reconciled line by line against a Council document.

Imported board paper from Oswaal Books (reproduction of CISCE board paper) on 2026-08-29.

Questions in this paper

  1. 1((i))Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the following questions:
    (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for spot height .437 in the southeastern part of the map extract.
    (b) Aman, a local craftsman, wants to sell his product to a large gathering to earn money instantly.
    1. Which settlement should he go to?
    2. Name the month in which he should visit the settlement named by you above.    2 marks
  2. 1((ii))Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the following questions:
    (a) On which bank of the Sukli nadi is the settlement of Pamera situated?
    (b) Identify the settlement pattern seen in the grid square 6732.    2 marks
  3. 1((iii))Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the following questions:
    Roshan, while travelling from Sirori to Tokra, observed that the surface water sources are dry except for the
    reservoir near Tokra.
    (a) What according to you may be the reason for the presence of water in the reservoir in 6832 near
    Tokra settlement?
    (b) State whether this reservoir is artificial or natural source of water.    2 marks
  4. 1((iv))Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the following questions:
    (a) What is the direct distance between Gulabganj to Pithapura? Give your answer in kilometre.
    (b) Mention the compass direction of Pithapura from Gulabganj.    2 marks
  5. 1((v))Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 and answer the following questions:
    (a) Name two man-made features seen in the grid square 6534.
    (b) Define contour interval.    2 marks
  6. 2((i))On the outline map of India provided:
    Mark and label the Nathu-La pass.    1 mark
  7. 2((ii))On the outline map of India provided:
    Shade and name the coastal plain that occupies a large part of Kerala.    1 mark
  8. 2((v))On the outline map of India provided:
    Mark with arrows and name the wind that brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu coast during winter.    1 mark
  9. 2((vi))On the outline map of India provided:
    Mark and label the river Sutlej.    1 mark
  10. 2((vii))On the outline map of India provided:
    Mark and label the Standard Meridian of India.    1 mark
  11. 2((ix))On the outline map of India provided:
    Shade and label the Chota Nagpur plateau.    1 mark
  12. 3((i))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    Assertion(A): Mumbai receives more rainfall than Pune.
    Reason(R): Mumbai gets rain from Arabian Sea branch of southwest monsoon.
  13. 3((ii))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    Which of the following pairs of soils displays similar characteristics in terms of their colour and texture?
  14. 3((iii))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    The type of natural vegetation shown in the picture given below is found in:
  15. 3((iv))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    Which of the following prevents wastage of water?
  16. 3((v))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    Balaghat: Manganese:: Mumbai High: ____________________
  17. 3((vi))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    A microbiological process that loosens the bark of a crop and facilitates removal of fibre from the stalk:
  18. 3((vii))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    Which industry amongst the following has revolutionised the lifestyle of the Indian masses in recent
    years?
  19. 3((viii))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    Which of the following household products is associated with the petrochemical industry?
  20. 3((ix))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    Raman, a dairy farmer in Ludhiana, supplies milk within the city on a daily basis. Which mode of
    transport is he most likely to use?
  21. 3((x))Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [10] (Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.)
    The collection of discarded materials and converting them into useful products is:
  22. 4((i))‘Severe cyclonic storms are often formed over the Bay of Bengal during the retreating monsoon season’.
    (a) Name two states that are affected by tropical cyclones on the eastern coast of India.
    (b) The temperate cyclones cause less damage than the tropical cyclones.
    Give any two points to support this statement.    2 marks
  23. 4((ii))(a) Name the local wind that causes rainfall in the states of Assam and West Bengal in the month of
    April.
    (b) How is this rainfall beneficial for the states mentioned above?    2 marks
  24. 4((iii))With reference to Figure A and Figure B given below, answer the questions that follow:
    Figure A                    Figure B
    (a) Name the winds shown by arrows in Figure A and Figure B.
    (b) How is the wind shown in Figure A different from the one shown in Figure B?    3 marks
  25. 4((iv))Study the climate data of station X and answer the following questions:
    Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
    Temp (°C) 24.0 25.4 26.7 28.3 30.0 28.9 27.6 27.4 27.3 27.1 27.0 25.0
    Rainfall (cm) 0.25 0.25 - - 1.75 50.2 61.0 37.0 27.0 4.75 1.50 -
    (a) What is the annual range of temperature for station X?
    (b) Which is the wettest month?
    (c) Name the wind which brings rainfall for station X during the rainy season.    3 marks
  26. 5((i))The Ganga Plain is known for its fertile soil. It is often referred to as the food bowl of India. This region
    supports a variety of crops such as rice, wheat, pulses, jute and sugarcane.
    (a) Name the soil that is found in large parts of Ganga plain.
    (b) Give two properties of this soil which helps it to produce a variety of crops.    2 marks
  27. 5((ii))(a) What is meant by soil erosion?
    (b) Name any two agents of soil erosion.    2 marks
  28. 5((iii))Give a geographical reason to explain each of the following:
    (a) Soil conservation is the need of the hour.
    (b) Red soil has a poor water retention capacity.
    (c) Laterite soils are infertile.    3 marks
  29. 5((iv))With reference to black soil of India, answer the following questions.
    (a) How is this soil formed?
    (b) How is this soil able to retain moisture for a long period?
    (c) Mention any two minerals present in this soil.    3 marks
  30. 6((i))India has lost 2.33 million hectares of tree cover since the year 2000. This is equivalent to a six per cent decrease in
    tree cover during this period. Source: The Indian Express, Date: 12.04.2024
    (a) Mention any two causes of the decrease in the forest cover of India.
    (b) Name a conservation method that may be used to help in increasing the forest cover.    2 marks
  31. 6((ii))Mention the climatic condition suitable for the development of tropical evergreen forest.2 marks
  32. 6((iii))State any three differences between tropical deciduous and tropical desert vegetation.3 marks
  33. 6((iv))(a) Give any two reasons for the great diversity of natural vegetation in India.
    (b) How do the forests help in maintenance of air quality?    3 marks
  34. 7((i))Mention any one advantage and any one disadvantage of well irrigation.2 marks
  35. 7((ii))Suggest any two measures to overcome scarcity of water in the metropolitan cities of India.2 marks
  36. 7((iii))Give one reason to explain each of the following:
    (a) Tank irrigation is NOT common in Northern India.
    (b) Canal irrigation is important in Punjab.
    (c) All farmers do not use tube well irrigation even if the geographical condition is favourable.    3 marks
  37. 7((iv))State any three objectives of rainwater harvesting.3 marks
  38. 8((i))With the rising price of fossil fuel every passing day, it is very important to develop non-conventional energy
    resource. -Bulletin-Department of non-conventional sources of energy
    (a) Name a non-conventional energy source that can be harnessed by taking advantage of India’s vast
    coastline.
    (b) State one advantage of using geothermal energy.    2 marks
  39. 8((ii))(a) How is Biogas formed?
    (b) Mention any one advantage of Biogas over other non-conventional energy resources.    2 marks
  40. 8((iii))Give a reason for each of the following.
    (a) Iron ore is called a versatile mineral.
    (b) Windmills set up on agricultural lands are beneficial to farmers.
    (c) Coal is the most preferred source of energy in Indian industries.    3 marks
  41. 8((iv))(a) Identify the type of energy being generated in the picture given above.
    (b) State why this type of energy is cheaper in the long run.
    (c) Name a power project associated with the generation of this energy in the northern part of India.    3 marks
  42. 9((i))Mention two climatic conditions that favour the cultivation of groundnut.2 marks
  43. 9((ii))Give any two reasons why Maharashtra has emerged as an important sugarcane producing state.2 marks
  44. 9((iii))Give one reason to explain each of the following:
    (a) Trees are planted in between the rows of coffee plants.
    (b) Cotton cultivation requires plenty of cheap labour.
    (c) Hill slopes are best suited for tea cultivation.    3 marks
  45. 9((iv))Explain the following:
    (a) Mixed farming
    (b) Zayad
    (c) Transplantation    3 marks
  46. 10((i))State any two factors that are responsible for the growth of the cotton textile industry in Kolkata.2 marks
  47. 10((ii))‘Karnataka is the leading state for silk production in India’.
    Give any two reasons to justify the above statement.    2 marks
  48. 10((iii))(a) Name the Iron and Steel industry located at Chhattisgarh.
    (b) From where does the industry named by you above get its supply of the following?
    1. Iron ore
    2. Coal    3 marks
  49. 10((iv))Raghav has been given a project by his teacher in which he has to write about the by-products of an
    industry that is used for preparing shoe polish, carbon paper and cardboard.
    (a) Which industry will he be writing about?
    (b) Name any two by-products of the industry mentioned by you.    3 marks
  50. 11((i))Why is a well-developed transport network important for India?2 marks
  51. 11((ii))Mention any two advantages of road transport.2 marks
  52. 11((iii))Name the following:
    (a) The mode of transport that ensures comfortable journey, especially for elders and children.
    (b) The highway connecting Silchar in Assam to Porbandar in Gujarat,
    (c) The cheapest means of transport for bulky goods.    3 marks
  53. 11((iv))Give a reason for each of the following.
    (a) Airways are the most efficient mode of transport to connect Northeast India with the rest of the
    country
    (b) Railways are easily developed in the Northern Plains of India.
    (c) Rivers of peninsular India are NOT ideal for inland water transport.    3 marks
  54. 12((ii))(a) Give a reason for a substantial rise of E-waste in India. [2] (b) What is dumping?
    ‘You cannot protect environment unless you empower people, you inform them and help them to understand that
    these resources are their own, that they must protect them’.
    – Wangari Maathai (recipient of Nobel Prize 2004 for Sustainable Development)
    As a responsible student how would you contribute to reduce and manage the waste generated in your
    surroundings. Explain by giving suitable examples.    2 marks
  55. 12((iii))(a) Give a reason for a substantial rise of E-waste in India. [2] (b) What is dumping?
    With reference to the 3Rs, give a term that best describes each of the following:
    (a) An empty soft drink can is used as a pen stand.
    (b) Old scrap papers are used to manufacture handmade paper.
    (c) No food is wasted in the household.    3 marks
  56. 12((iv))(a) Give a reason for a substantial rise of E-waste in India. [2] (b) What is dumping?
    Give a reason for the following statements:
    (a) Organic manure should replace chemical fertilisers.
    (b) There should be a ban on the use of polythene and plastic products.
    (c) Manual handling of waste must be avoided.    3 marks