Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Stress can adversely affect one’s health. Some of the key biological mechanisms
through which stress impacts health is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
regulation and cortisol. The studies reviewed in this article confirm that stress has
an impact on multiple biological systems affecting one’s health. Counsellors work
with such people experiencing a wide range of emotional and psychological
problems. They help them bring about effective change and/or enhance their well-
being.
(Source (edited): Stress and Health: A Review of Psychobiological Processes. Daryl
B. O'Connor, Julian F. Thayer and Kavitha Vedhara, Vol. 72:663-688 (Volume
publication date January 2021, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-062520-
122331)
(a) With reference to the above study, explain any two characteristics of a
Counsellor that would help to enhance an individual’s well-being.
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ISC (CLASS XII) SPECIMEN QUESTION PAPER 2026
(b) With reference to the above study on biological mechanisms, examine
any two long-term effects of stress on health.
OR

Specimen paper · 2026 · CollegeDekho (mirror of CISCE PDF)