A telescope has an objective of focal length 100 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. Find its magnifying power and the length of the tube in normal adjustment.

A concave mirror of focal length 15 cm forms an image twice the size of the object and real. Find the object distance.

Distinguish between a compound microscope and an astronomical telescope in terms of the focal lengths used.

An object is placed 15 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. Find the position and magnification of the image.

State the lens maker's formula and explain each symbol.

A prism of refracting angle 60° gives a minimum deviation of 30°. Find the refractive index of its material.

State Kirchhoff's two laws and say what conservation principle each expresses.