Biology

1. Cell Cycle, Cell Division and Structure of Chromosomes

The cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis, and the structure and significance of chromosomes.

2. Genetics

Mendel's laws, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, and sex determination in humans.

3. Absorption by Roots

Osmosis, diffusion, root pressure, and the path of water from soil to xylem.

4. Transpiration

Types of transpiration, the mechanism of stomatal opening, factors affecting the rate, and its significance.

5. Photosynthesis

Site and mechanism of photosynthesis, the light and dark reactions, and factors affecting the rate.

6. Circulatory System

Blood and its components, the structure of the heart, double circulation, and blood vessels.

7. Excretory System

Structure of the kidney and nephron, urine formation, and dialysis.

8. Nervous System

Neurons, the central and peripheral nervous systems, reflex action, and the structure of the eye and ear.

9. Endocrine System

Endocrine glands, their hormones, and the effects of hyper- and hyposecretion.

10. Reproductive System

Human male and female reproductive systems, fertilisation, the menstrual cycle and the placenta.

11. Population

Population growth, population density, and the causes and consequences of a rising population.

12. Pollution

Types, sources and effects of pollution, and measures to control it.