Geography

1. Interpretation of Topographical Maps

Reading a Survey of India toposheet: grid references, conventional symbols, relief, drainage and settlement.

2. Map of India

Locating and labelling physical features, rivers, states and cities on an outline map of India.

3. Location, Extent and Physical Features of India

The location and extent of India and its major physiographic divisions.

4. Climate of India

The monsoon mechanism, seasons, distribution of rainfall and temperature.

5. Soil Resources

Types of Indian soils, their characteristics, soil erosion and conservation.

6. Natural Vegetation

Types of forests in India, their distribution and importance, and forest conservation.

7. Water Resources

Sources of water, irrigation, rainwater harvesting and the need for conservation.

8. Mineral and Energy Resources

Distribution and uses of major minerals, and conventional and non-conventional energy sources.

9. Agriculture

Types of farming, cropping seasons, and the major food and cash crops of India.

10. Manufacturing Industries

Agro-based and mineral-based industries, their location factors and distribution.

11. Transport

Roadways, railways, waterways and airways and their role in the Indian economy.

12. Waste Management

Sources and types of waste, impact of poor waste management, and methods of safe disposal.