Define water potential, solute potential and pressure potential, and state their relation.

Water potential is the free energy of water per unit volume, and it decides the direction in which water moves. Solute potential is the fall in water potential caused by dissolved solutes and is always negative. Pressure potential is the effect of pressure and is usually positive in a turgid cell. Water potential equals solute potential plus pressure potential.

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Explanation

Pure water at atmospheric pressure has a water potential of zero, the highest possible.