What is eutrophication and how is it caused?

Eutrophication is the enrichment of a water body with nutrients, chiefly nitrates and phosphates washed in from fertilisers and detergents. The nutrients cause a rapid growth of algae, and when the algae die their decay uses up the dissolved oxygen, so fish and other aquatic life suffocate.

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Explanation

The thick algal bloom also cuts off light from the plants below.