Name three factors that disturb the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and explain each briefly.

Gene flow, the movement of alleles between populations by migration. Genetic drift, the change of allele frequency by chance in a small population, whose extreme forms are the founder effect and the bottleneck effect. Mutation, which introduces new alleles, and natural selection, which changes frequencies systematically.

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Explanation

Non-random mating is the fifth disturbing factor.